The area under carrot in india is 22,538 ha with an annual production of 4. Phytochemistry and proximate composition of ginger. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of ginger root. Fresh ginger slices were successfully dried from initial moisture content of 70% to 18 %. Ginger zingiber officinale is one of the most widely used natural products. The most important chemical compound in ginger is an alkaloid called zingiberene.
We aimed to establish the chemical constituents of essential oil and biological assays from crude. An ethanolic extract of ginger showed high troloxequivalent. Identification of the chemical constituents in ginger zingiber. Chemical constituents and biological activities of ginger rhizomes. Mizoram, chennai and two varieties from sikkim were analyzed by gc and gcms.
The resulting powdered sample was subjected to phytochemical tests. Zingiber officinale is the common cooking ginger, an herbaceous perennial with upright stems and narrow medium green leaves arranged in two ranks on each stem. Volatile oils about 3% consist mainly of the sesquiterpenes, betabisabolene 4. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. Chemistry the ginger rhizome has the following chemical composition. Another factor is that 3% of gingers chemicals are made up from oil that is composed of 200 chemical substances such as. Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger zingiber officinale. Chemical analysis of ginger shows that it contains over 400 different compounds. The antioxidant components analysed were polyphenols, vitamin c. Ginger also constitutes volatile oils approximately 1% to 3% and nonvolatile pungent components oleoresin. Gingers chemical composition the mixture of zingerone, shogaols and gingerols is behind the special smell and flavor that distinguish ginger. The seed rhizome looks similar to the mature ginger you find in the grocery store however unlike the supermarket ginger, this seed ginger is certified disease free and certified organic. Chemical composition and free radical scavenging activities of 10.
The chemical composition and antioxidant activity in aqueous and solvent extracts of. Ginger is widely used as either a food product or an herbal medicine in the world. Ginger has been noted to treat migraine headaches without sideeffects4. Essential oil composition of diploid and tetraploid clones. Ginger zingiber officinale roscoe, belonging to the family. Pdf chemical composition and antioxidant properties of ginger. Ginger grows from an aromatic tuberlike rhizome underground stem which is warty and branched. The chapter begins with a description of the ginger plant and its chemical structure before going on to discuss production, varieties and cultivars. When the ginger is heated or dried, gingerols are transformed into different compounds, which can alter both the flavour and pungency. Ginger zingiber officinale is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine. It is a betahydroxy ketone and a member of guaiacols.
Chemical composition of ginger varieties and dehydration. Ginger zingiber officinale belong to zingiberacae family is one of the famous spices all over the world. Ginger is a rhizome that grows underground from a seed piece sometimes called the mother. Results obtained from the analysis of twenty six varieties of ginger showed that volatile oil, acetone extract, crude fibre and starch content varied from 1 to 2. Along with turmeric, galangal and cardamom, ginger is yet another potent limb of the zingiberaceae plant family.
So, this study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of ginger zingiber officinale and cumin cuminum cyminum. Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in. Gingerol is a betahydroxy ketone that is 5hydroxydecan3one substituted by a 4hydroxy3methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1. In addition, raw fibres, vitamins and minerals are also present in ginger. The mineral elemental composition of ginger root samples as shown in table ii indicated that ginger is rich in essential minerals like.
The main compounds responsible for that flavour are mostly sulfurcontaining, nonvolatile amino acids thiosulfinates, among which alliin or sallylcysteine sulfoxide acso is the most predominant garlic flavour precursor block et al. Antioxidant assays such as free radical scavenging activity, reducing power and total antioxidant activity were carried out for ethanol, methanol, acetone, 80%. It puts the uniquely indian use and history of turmeric and ginger plants into a global context of production and economic aspects. As a rule, children prefer sweeter soft drinks than the adult consumer of these products. It adds a strong, pungent flavour to dishes as a consequence of a number of chemical compounds it contains. The rhizomes of ginger were collected, washed with water and chopped into tiny pieces. China is the major carrot producing country in the world fao 2008.
Chemical constituents of ginger such assesquiterpenes, diarylheptenones, gingereno nes a, b and c, and isogingerenon e b, have shown antifungal activity invitro. Abstract the hydrodistilled essential oil of ginger zingiber officinale roscoe rhizomes of commerce from three different geograhical locations in india, viz. Medicinal properties of ginger zingiber officinale rosc. Treatment effectiveness and lack of adverse effects have been reported for periods of ginger use ranging from 4 d. It can be produced in many countries but it does best in moist, tropical conditions. Ginger oil, obtained by steam distillation of the rhizome of zingiber officinale roscoe, is used in the beverage and fragrance industries. The polyphenolic composition, oleoresin contents and antioxidant activities of 10 elite accessions of ginger.
There exist differences in the chemical composition between. At least one study10 that compares the effects of ginger and antibiotics on staphylococcus aureus and s. In this paper, a method was developed for determining volatile components in essential oils from both dried and fresh ginger by use of gas chromatography. Ginger processing practical action brief appropedia. Gingers chemical composition ginger history benefits. Ginger and its healing properties ministry of health. Chemical composition of ginger zingiber officinale rose and the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of its oil 2007 sulieman, a. Cooking produces zingerone, which is less pungent, and is characteristic of the ginger flavour found in gingerbread. Ginger has a long history of medicinal use for more than 2000 years as one of the most versatile medicinal plants having a wide spectrum. Data on maturity studies showed that the volatile oil, acetone extract and crude fibre content in ginger varieties increased steadily from september to december. The ginger rhizomes were placed parallel to the direction of motion and the table is raised gently by a screw device, the angle at which the rhizomes begin to slide the angle of inclination was read from a graduated scale on the tilting table, this was repeated three times for each structural material.
It is a perennial creeping plant with long leaves, yellow green flowers and thick tuberous rhizome. Whilst these may be the primary compounds in fresh ginger, when ginger is cooked, the story changes. Recent perspectives on the medicinal potential of ginger. Ginger oil displays considerable compositional diversity, but is typically characterized by a high content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, including zingiberene, arcurcumene. Antioxidant assays such as free radical scavenging activity. Fresh ginger edit fresh is usually only eaten in the area where it is produced although it is possible to transport fresh roots internationally. Vasala, in handbook of herbs and spices second edition, volume 1, 2012. This is a type of storage root having pungent taste. Ginger is utilized widely as a spice, for pickles, candies and as a medicinal herb. The active compounds contained in ginger are divided into two groups. In addition, it is also recommended in the management of rheumatic disorders and muscular pain5.
The analysis of the results of proximate composition showed that the moisture content of ginger reduced after oven drying while. It explores the plants from a botanical perspective, and goes into details of their chemical composition as well. Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of garlic. To compare the thermogenic properties of crude drugs derived from. Pdf medicinal properties of zingiber officinale roscoe. Percentage chemical composition of ginger oils component ri fresh ginger oil % dry ginger oil % hexanal 770 0. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity in aqueous and solvent extracts of ginger root zingiber officinale were determined. These were dried in an aircirculating oven and milled into fine powder using a mechanical grinder. This book is intuitively organized by plant and use, allowing quick access to information. Determination of volatile components in ginger using gas. Pdf the polyphenolic composition, oleoresin contents and antioxidant activities of 10 elite accessions of ginger zingiber officinale roscoe. Two types of gingers, fresh and dried, are used in the herbal medicine. The effects on drugresistant infections are, as yet, unknown.
Abstract ginger is a plant recently gaining attention in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of its spice and medicinal importance. Ginger oil is known as the oil of empowerment and is called in ayurveda as mahaushadha, meaning universal medicine, predominantly for its ability to heal the mind, body and soul, which are the three vital pillars of perfect health in ayurveda. The phytochemistry, proximate composition and medicinal properties of ginger zingiber officinale were investigated. Materials and methods plant material the dry rhizomes of ginger plant were collected from herbs. Chemical composition, functional properties and processing. Pdf chemical composition and antioxidant properties of. Essential oil composition of ginger zingiber officinale. Composition and food value of soft drinks, 119 used to obtain the desired degree of sweetness, and the food value of the beverage is increased proportionally. The inflorescences bear pale yellow with purple flowers and arise directly from the rhizome on separate. Spice ginger is obtained from the underground stems or rhizomes of zingiber officinale, a herbaceous tropical perennial belonging to the family zingiberaceae.
Physical properties of ginger zingiber officinale by e. Ginger root is widely used around the world as a spice or food additive. It has been known that overproduction of free radicals, such as reactive oxygen. The major constituents in ginger rhizomes are carbohydrates 5070%, lipids 38%, terpenes, and phenolic compounds 10. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of ginger. Identification of the chemical constituents in ginger zingiber officinale responsible for thermogenesis. Ginger is a spice that can be commonly found in supermarkets and in the kitchen, either as the fresh root, or in dried, powdered form. Ginger is usually available in three different forms. This is due in part to the fact that ginger acts as an antioxidant with more than twelve constituents superior to vitamin e. Pdf chemical composition and free radical scavenging. Ginger and cumin both are recognized for their antioxidant properties. Numerous active ingredients are present in ginger including terpenes and oleoresin which called ginger oil. The result on mineral composition are in agreement with an earlier.
The agronomy and economy of turmeric and ginger 1st edition. Effect of oven drying on proximate composition of ginger. It is a herbaceous perennial which grows annual pseudostems false stems made of the rolled bases of leaves about one meter tall bearing narrow leaf blades. Carrot is one of the important root vegetables rich in bioactive compounds like carotenoids and dietary fibers with appreciable levels of several other functional components having significant healthpromoting properties. Chemical composition of ginger zingiber officinale rose. The medicinal properties of ginger are due to the presence of gingerol and paradol. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of ginger root zingiber officinale the chemical composition and antioxidant activity in aqueous and solvent extracts of ginger root zingiber officinale were determined. Zingiber officinale, pharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities. The consumption of carrot and its products is increasing steadily due to its recognition as an important source of natural antioxidants having anticancer activity. Active compounds in gingers and their therapeutic use in. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity for different extracts of ginger by investigating its effects on inhibition of biological activity of bacteria and fungi. Carrot daucus carota l is one of the popular root vegetables grown throughout the world and is the most important source of dietary carotenoids in western countries including the united states of america block 1994. Over the last 2 decades, extensive research has been conducted to identify bioactive constituents and medicinal potential of ginger. This research work was focused on two important spices, i.
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